Fauna in Periyar National Park

Periyar National Park is a renowned wildlife destination in Kerala. This scenic location is nestled in the Idukki district. The national park has gained popularity primarily due to the existing population of elephants and Royal Bengal tigers. Besides these, the park is also home to a wide variety of flora, fauna and avifauna species. The boat safari on the Periyar Lake is the central attraction of the national park. Apart from the boat safari, Periyar offers several other activities to enthuse the visitors. Most of these activities, especially boat safari and bamboo rafting intend to provide sightings of multiple wild animals and birds.

Brief History of Periyar - During the 18th and 19th centuries, the area now known as Periyar Tiger Reserve served as a royal hunting ground for the kings of Travancore, a region that today encompasses much of southern Kerala. In 1899, the area was designated as the Periyar Lake Reserve to protect the royal hunting grounds from encroaching tea plantations. By 1934, the reserve was expanded into the Nellikkampatty Game Sanctuary, covering approximately 500 sq km. In 1950, additional land was incorporated, forming the Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary. In 1978, it was included in the Central Government's Project Tiger initiative, becoming the Periyar Tiger Reserve. Later, in 1992, it also joined Project Elephant, an initiative aimed at safeguarding wild Asian elephants across India.

Fauna Species in Periyar National Park

Mammals

• Asian Elephant: Periyar is particularly famous for its thriving population of Asian elephants. These majestic creatures are often spotted near the park’s water bodies, especially during the summer months when they come to drink and bathe. Herds of elephants moving gracefully through the forest are a common and mesmerizing sight for visitors.
• Bengal Tiger: While the Bengal tiger remains elusive in the dense forests of Periyar, the park is one of the key tiger reserves in India. The tiger population is well-protected, though sightings are rare due to the nature of the terrain.

• Indian Bison (Gaur): The Indian bison, or gaur, is the largest species of wild cattle and can be seen grazing in the grasslands of Periyar. These robust animals are known for their strength and imposing presence.
• Nilgiri Langur: Nilgiri langurs, also known as black-faced langurs, are a type of monkey that is found in the park.
• Lion-tailed macaques: The lion-tailed macaques, a distinct monkey species, are native to the Western Ghats and can be spotted within Periyar National Park. This species is unique to the region and contributes to the park's rich biodiversity.
• Sambar deer: Periyar National Park is home to the sambar deer, India's largest deer species. These majestic animals are frequently observed in the park’s forested areas..
• Wild boars: Wild boars, a widespread species across various parts of India, are a common sight in Periyar National Park, thriving in its diverse habitats.
• Indian giant squirrels: The Indian giant squirrels, a prominent species of tree squirrels, are inhabitants of the park's dense forests, often spotted moving among the treetops.
• King cobras: King cobras, recognized as one of the largest venomous snakes globally, inhabit Periyar National Park, adding to the park's reputation as a haven for rare and remarkable wildlife.
• Malabar hornbills: Malabar hornbills, distinguished by their large, prominent bills and vibrant feathers, are one of the many bird species that grace the park’s ecosystem, contributing to its vibrant birdlife.

Birds

Apart from the mammals, Periyar National Park is also a birdwatcher’s haven, as it provides a suitable habitat for both resident and migratory birds. One of the most celebrated species is the Great Hornbill, known for its large size and distinctive casque. Other signature bird species of Periyar National Park are Malabar Grey Hornbill, Kingfishers and Eagles. Periyar’s birdlife also includes several endemic species like the Nilgiri wood pigeon and migratory species such as the Indian pitta and the Brahminy kite, which are frequently observed during the winter months.

Reptiles

Periyar National Park harbors an impressive variety of reptile species, adding to its ecological diversity. King Cobra, Indian Python and Monitor Lizards are some of the most frequented reptile species.